Jackson Pollock
Number 1A, 1948 (MoMA, New York)
Jackson Pollock action painting drip. All-over poured enamel skeins, no-subject gestural energy, Springs Long Island studio floor.
The moves a human crew would use to get here. Cue applies them for you, and knowing their names is how you ask for a change.
paint applied by dripping, pouring, or flicking - never brushed in the traditional sense
over composition: no compositional hierarchy; energy distributed across the entire surface
house paint, enamel, sand, broken glass embedded in paint
canvases designed to surround and immerse rather than be viewed from a distance
multiple pours create depth without illusionistic space
blacks, whites, ochres, raw umbers alongside sudden chromatic bursts
Abstract Expressionism emerged in New York City in the 1940s and dominated avant-garde art through the mid-1950s. It was the first distinctly American movement to achieve international influence, positioning New York as the new center of the Western art world after World War II displaced European artists to the United States.
Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) is the movement's most iconic figure. Between 1947 and 1951, he developed his radical drip technique: laying large canvases flat on the floor and pouring or flicking industrial enamel and house paint from above, moving around all four sides. The resulting skeins of paint record the physical gestures of his entire body. Key works include Number 1A, 1948, Lavender Mist (1950), and Autumn Rhythm: Number 30 (1950), all housed at MoMA and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Pollock described his method as accessing the unconscious directly - influenced by the Surrealist concept of automatism and Jungian psychology. Critics like Clement Greenberg championed the work as the logical endpoint of modernist flatness.
Abstract Expressionism divides into two loose camps. Action Painters - Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Lee Krasner - prioritized the physical act of painting; visible brushwork and drips record motion and time. Color Field Painters - Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, Clyfford Still - pursued expansive, meditative color relationships. Both camps shared a belief that painting could carry existential weight and emotional truth without representation.
Willem de Kooning's Woman I (1950-52) combined gestural attack with figuration. Franz Kline's monumental black-and-white canvases (Chief, 1950) reduced painting to raw calligraphic slashes. Lee Krasner, long overshadowed by her husband Pollock, produced major works in the movement including her Little Image series (1946-50).
The style is defined by all-over composition (no single focal point), dense layering, visible process, and a scale designed to envelop the viewer. Color is used intuitively rather than symbolically. The paint surface itself - drips, splatters, knife marks, impasto - is the subject.
Number 1A, 1948 (MoMA, New York)
Autumn Rhythm: Number 30, 1950 (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
Lavender Mist: Number 1, 1950 (National Gallery of Art)
Woman I, 1950-52 (MoMA, New York)
Chief, 1950 (MoMA, New York)
The Seasons, 1957 (Whitney Museum of American Art)
No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953 (MOCA Los Angeles)
Vir Heroicus Sublimis, 1950-51 (MoMA, New York)
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